Supplements Basics Guide

The supplement aisle is mostly noise. A handful of products have strong evidence; the rest range from "maybe useful in a specific case" to "expensive urine". This guide cuts through the marketing and focuses on what is actually worth your money for general fitness.

The Evidence Table

How to Think About Supplements

• Supplements are leverage on top of training, nutrition, sleep — never a substitute.
• If a product can't tell you its dose per serving, skip it.
• Look for third-party tested brands (Informed Sport, NSF Certified for Sport).
• Stack effects don't multiply — most claimed synergies are marketing.
• "Natural" doesn't mean "safe" — some herbs have real drug interactions.
• Trial one supplement at a time so you know what's actually doing the work.

A Sensible Stack

1. Protein powder if you struggle to hit daily protein from food.
2. Creatine monohydrate, 3-5 g/day, taken any time.
3. Vitamin D3 (1,000-2,000 IU) in autumn/winter or if indoors all day.
4. Fish oil for omega-3 if you eat little oily fish.
5. Caffeine 30-60 min pre-workout when you need a lift.
6. Nothing else unless a specific medical or sport need justifies it.

Red Flags in Marketing

Beware of "proprietary blends" (no dose disclosure), before/after pictures with vague captions, "as seen on TV", celebrity endorsements without studies, and anything promising rapid fat loss without diet change. A clean label, transparent dosing, batch testing, and boring scientific claims are the markers of a serious product.